Method and apparatus for the purification of liquids



Nov. 24, 1953 N. s. PRIME 2,660,559

METHOD AND APPARATUS F'OR THE PURIFICATION OF LIQUIDS Filed Aug. 31, 1949 5 Shee ts-Sheet -1 14,000 to as; aoou R INVENTOR.

Nathaniel 3. Prime ATTORNEYS.

N. S. PRIME Nov. 24, 1953 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF LIQUIDS Filed Aug. 31 1949 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVE NTOF\.

Nathaniel S. Prlme QV BY ATTORNEYS.

Nov. 24, 1953 s, PR|ME 2,660,559

' METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF LIQUIDS Filed Aug. 31, 1949 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 5 gi l l' w A 7 M3 /5 mm I B 1% "myENToR.

7 Nathomel S. Prlme ATTORNEYS.

N. S. PRIME Nov. 24, 1953 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR Tl iE PURIFICATION OF LIQUIDS 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 31, 1949 'IIIIIIIIIII.

III

. INVENTOR.

Nathomel S. Pnme z mzz, m x fii ATTORNEY Nov. 24, 1953 N. s. PRIME 2,660,559

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF LIQUIDS Filed Aug. 31 1949 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. Nathaniel 8. Prime OQW ZZJ Q ATTORNEYS.

?atented Nov. 24, 3953 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF LIQUIDS Nathaniel S. Prime, Frederick, Md., assignor to Maryland Laboratories, Incorporated, Frederick, Met, a corporation of Maryland Application August 31, 1949, Serial No. 113,432

9 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in methods and means for the generation of ozone and its utilization in the sterilization, purification and other treatment of fluids.

The primary object of this invention is the provision of a relatively simple, compact and efficient unit for the rapid generation of ozone, and its intimate and highly efiicient intermixing with gas or liquid for the beneficial treatment thereof, such as for sterilization, purification, deodorization and/or removal of undesirable material or organic matter therefrom.

A further object of this invention is the provision of an improved ozone generating unit which is relatively simple in construction and designed for the purpose of reducing to a minimum electrical energy used per unit of ozone generated.

A further object of this invention is the provision of an improved method and apparatus for the intimate substantially stable dispersion of ozone in a body of water or other liquid.

A further object of this invention is the provision or an improved method and apparatus for the effective minute distribution of ozone throughout a body of liquid and the maintenance of the ozone in such condition in the body of liquid for a period of time and under conditions which will assure the treatment desired.

A further object of this invention is the provision of an improved method and means for obtaining a high count distribution of ozone in a body of liquid.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent during the course of the following detailed description.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the various units of the improved apparatus and the wiring system used in connection therewith.

Figure 2 is a vertical cross sectional View taken through the apparatus showing the various associated features thereof.

Figure 3 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in Figure 2 with the cover of the casing removed.

Figure 4 is a transverse cross sectional View taken through the apparatus substantially on the line l of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a vertical cross sectional view taken substantially on the line 55 of Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a cross sectional view taken substantially on the line 66 of Figure 3.

Figure 7 is a cross sectional View taken substantially on the line 3-? of Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary View, partly in section, showing an improved injector for the ef ficient jet mixing of ozone with the liquid to be treated.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary view, partly in section, of the air entrance end of an ozone generating tube constituting a novel part of this invention.

Figure 10 is a fragmentary view, partly in section, of the other end of the ozone generating tube.

Figures 11 and 12 are cross sectional views taken substantially on the respective lines I ll i and I2!2 shown in Figure 10.

Figure 13 is a fragmentary View, partly in section, showing the construction of an air distributing header and its associated connecting tubes.

Figure 14 is a modified form of structure for the mounting of the inner electrode of an ozone generating unit.

Figure 15 is a cross sectional view taken substantially on the line I5l5 of Figure 13.

Figure 15 is a diagrammatic view showing the ozone generating tubes connected in series rather than in parallel as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 16 is a cross sectional View showing a modified form of injector for mixing of ozone with the liquid to be treated.

Figure 17 is a fragmentary cross sectional view of a modified form of ozone generating tube.

In the drawings, wherein for the purpose of illustration are shown different forms of the invention, the letter A may generally designate the improved apparatus. It includes a compact casing B adapted to house a battery of ozone generating tubes C'upon a frame structure D. An air filter E is mounted externally upon the casing and connected with the ozone generating tubes for supplying air thereto. The casing B may receive therein a compressor F operated by a motor G and the casing may also receive a transformer J and fan K therein. The apparatus furthermore includes a water filter L for supply of water to the injector H, and the ozone treated water may be disposed in an improved type of storage or distribution container M. As shown in Figure 15 the ozone generating tubes C may be connected in series. Also a modified form of injector N may be provided in lieu of the injector H. A modified form of ozone generating tube P may be provided, if desired, as shown in Figure 17.

Referring to the casing structure B, the same may compnse a rectangular-shaped cabinet including side walls 29 and El, end walls 22 and 23, and a cover 24. An intermediate wall 25 may divide the casing into an upper compartment 26 adapted to receive the ozone generating units; their supporting frame; the transformer and the fan structure, and a lower compartment 28 adapted to receive therein the injector, motorcompressor and other details.

The wall structures of the casing above described may consist of sheet metal plates attached to supporting legs and cross braces, as shown in the drawings, and the side and other from.

3 walls may be provided with vents or other ventilating openings 38 for the purpose of enabling ready dissipation of heat.

The ozone generating tubes C are mounted in three horizontal series of three each, as shown in the drawings. They are thus supported upon the frame D which consists of vertical walls 35 and 36 suitably apertured to receive the ends of the tubes therethrough as will be subsequently described. The supporting walls 35 and 36 may be detachably connected as at 37 to the side walls of the casing B, in the upper compartment 26, as shown in Figure 2.

The ozone units are alike in construction and each consists of a dielectric tube 48 of conventional Pyrex which consists substantially of 80% silica, 12% boron oxide, with balancing percentages of sodium oxide and alumina.

The tube 30 is cylindrical and of uniform diameter from its air entering end 41, but at the opposite end it is reducingly tapered at 42 and provided with an attaching neck The tube tension inner electrode 45 is shown as solid, but may be tubular, if so desired, and constructed of aluminum. At one end it is seated at its peripheral edge l'l against the inner surface of the reduced tapered tube end 62. Recesses 56 are provided at this end of the electrode, of a size to permit the unrestricted flow of the ozone from the discharge space into the neck &3. Throughout its length, at various locations, the ozone generating electrode 45 may be provided with relatively soft synthetic resin plastic nipples 5t recessed into suitable sockets provided in the electrode, as shown in Figures and 11 of the drawings, for the purpose of accurately spacing and safely seating the electrode within the dielectric tube 46.

The dielectric tube for its major length is provided with an outer electrode cylinder or tube 5| of aluminum or other appropriate material. It extends in a covering relation over the reduced end 42 of the dielectric tube and terminates short of the rear portion of the dielectric tube '30, as shown in Figures 9 and 10.

The supporting Walls 35 and 36 of the frame D are apertured for receiving the ozone tubes C therein, and more particularly the outer electrode cylinders 5| directly therein.

If desired, the central electrode E-E shown in Figure 14, may have a modified mountingsuch as a flexible seat M It may be socketed at 52 in the end of the electrode 35 and rests against the inner surface of the reduced end 42 of the dielectric tube. This seat 5| is suitably apertured to permit the passage of ozone from the discharge space in the ozone generating tube into the nipple end of the tube for passage there- Both the seat 5% and the nipple may be constructed of any suitable material, such as synthetic resin plastic which is resistant to the normal deteriorating effects of ozone and the high tension electrical discharges incidental to the generation thereof.

The air filter E preferably consists of a suitable cylindrical container 66 detachably mounted as by a strap fil upon the outer surface of one end wall of the casing structure B. This container is provided with a perforated detachable top wall 6! and a bottom wall 62, having a flexible plastic tube 63 connected with a nipple structure 63 upon the bottom wall, for the transfer of the filtered air into the air inlet ends of the 'ozone generating tubes C. A suitable removable perforated disc 65 is provided in the casing 60,

charges and the presence of ozone.

dividing the filtering glass wool material 66 from a large body 6'! of suitable dehydrating material such as silica gel or activated alumina. The dehydrating material 67 rests upon a suitable felt pad E8 in the bottom of the container 60 just above the wall 52. The air as it passes through the filter is first strained of any undesirable solids, dust, etc. in the glass wool area and then moisture is removed as it passes through the dehydrating material and subsequently any other solids or undesirable constituent parts are removed at the pad area.

Suitable headers are provided at both the inlet and outlet ends of the tubes for the distribution of the air into the individual tubes and the collection of the ozone in a single body prior to its use in connection with sanitizing, purifying and deodorizing of fluids. These headers, as well as all of the flexible tube connections therewith which lead from the air filter E to the tubes C, and at the exit end of the tubes C the connections leading to the compressor, are of some plastic material, such as a synthetic resin, immune to the deteriorating effects of electrical dis- Of course all of the plastic will be a non-conductor of electricity.

At the air inlet end of the battery of tubes C, an air distributing header TB is provided, secured by suitable straps H to the inside of an end wall of the casingadjacent to the air filter, as shown in Figure 2. The header tube Hi does not necessarily have to be flexible, as it may be rigid or semi-flexible. It should hold its shape 8 and at one end it has a sealed wall 73 and at the opposite end a sealed wall M provided with the air transfer tube 63 connected therewith (see Fig. 13).

As before mentioned, there are three horizontally positioned series of ozone generating tubes at different levels, with three in each series. The three tubes of each of these series are provided with end and central flexible tube connections 15, as shown in Figure 15, leading to a suitable plastic nipple 8! which is aflixed upon a tube sealing plug 82 seated in the air inlet end of each of the dielectric tubes 50. All of these connections are sealed with plastic cement or otherwise, so that the entire conduit from the air filter into the compartment of the dielectric tube 68 is hermetically sealed against the admission of air or leakage of ozone, and all of these parts, as above mentioned, are non-conductors and impervious to the destructive eifects of electrical discharges and the presence of ozone.

The ozone receiving header liv is of the same construction as the header re above described and is provided with individual ilc tube connections lfi for each tube or of ozone generating tubes; the connec being secured to the snout or n ends or the dielectric tubes, as shown in rugure Ti'lese connections are hermetically sealed. The header le has a compartment therein into which all of opposite end provided with a flexi 9&3 extending through a suitable op dividing wall 25 of the cabinet structure into the compartment 23 housing the compressor and other units of the device, as will be subsquently described.

While in Figures 1 and 2 the ozone generating tubes 0 have been shown in connected parallel, they may be arranged in series as shown in Figure 15. Here the tubes are supported upon the frame pieces 35 and 36 in the same relation above described. So far as applicable, the same reference characters have been given to Figure 15 as above described for the connection of the tubes in parallel. The air filter E has the air conducting tube 63 connected to the topmost ozone generating tube C and the latter at the ozone discharge end thereof is connected by a sealed plastic tube 53 with the next adjacent ozone generating tube C, where the ozone from the first tube C is again treated; the discharge of the ozone from the second tube C being thru a similar plastic sealed connection 54 which opens into the next adjacent tube C, as shown in Figure 15. This arrangement is continued to the last tube C where the ozone is led off thru the line 93 to the compressor F, as above described.

The advantage of this type of construction is that there is but one joint made for each end of each tube and there are a reduced number of points at which ozone-air leakage can occur. Also, there is a superior output of ozone with this construction, for any given rate of fiow to the unit. This is engendered by the fact that the molecules of oxygen passing thru the zones of high tension discharge have been successively subject to such discharge in the preceding tubes and therefore already possess a high content of energy when they are ejected to similar discharges in successive tubes. Thus, even tho the time of passage thru a tube compartment wherein it is subjected to high tension discharges, is the same for a given molecule of oxygen, whether the tubes are connected in series or parallel, the

higher energy state of each molcule as it passes thru successive tubes, in the modified construction, results in a higher number of these moleoules breaking down into ozone. As much as 22% higher ozone output from a given body of air has been observed experimentally when connecting the nine tubes in series, as compared to connection of them in parallel, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Each ozone generating tube C is provided with. an improved means for insuring the positive seating section of its inner electrode. This consists of a tapered phosphor bronze contact spring, shown in Figure 9 of the drawings at 189, having its end of greater diameter seated against the plastic plug 82. This end has a terminal extending thru the plug 82 for connection with a high tension wire lfll so it can be compactly compressed, and its smaller end seats against the end of inner electrode 45 for the purpose of urging it into seating position.

As shown in Figure 17 of the drawings, the ozone tube structure P includes a dielectric tube file of the same nature as the tube to above described, but the tube 13 is of uniform diameter from end to end. It is provided with plastic sealing plugs 82 and 82 at opposite ends thereof. The high tension inner electrode iE may be solid or tubular as desired, and constructed of suitable material, such as aluminum. At one end it may be reduced as shown at 9.6 and seated against the inner end of the plug 82*. The electrode it is provided with the above soft synthetic resin plastic nipples 553, for the proper lateral seating of the electrode in definite spaced relation with respect to the dielectric tube. The tube Lit is externally provided with a latter electrode tube or film material 5i for the same purpose as the tube 5! of the tube C above described. The plas- The spring N30 is tapered tic plug 82 is provided with a passageway for the sealed reception of a high tension wire it l which is suitably sealed in a plastic covering W2 The wires It)!" may be relatively stiff and they may be spread as shown at .lfii in Figure 7 of the drawings for engaging against one end of the electrode se to slightly yieldably hold the opposite reduced end it against the inner surface of the plug 82 The amount of force required is just necessary to prevent shifting of the electrode 45 in the tube.

In Figure 17 the air conducting plastic tube 53 is shown as having a sealed connection in the plug 82 and the flexible plastic exit tubes 535 i, etc. may be connected to the end plugs of the ozone generating tube, in the manner shown in Figure 17. While in this view the tube 63 direct from the air filter to the top tube has been designated, it is, of course, understood that the plastic tube connections 53-55 are secured to the end plugs in the same manner.

In the lower compartment 23 of the casing 13 is provided a centrifugal pump type compressor F driven by a motor G. These parts are mounted upon the bottom frame structure of the casing B. The ozone from the header le enters the compressor pump through the tube 92. Immediately adjacent to the compressor F, at the inlet end thereof and in the path of ozone passing through the conduit 9!, is disposed a suitable container I05 adapted to receive liquid tri alkyl silicone fluoride. This material acts as a lubricant and a coating for the interior of the compressor, in order to protect the compressor against the deteriorating effects of high temperatures, pressures and corrosion, and to act as a synthetic lubricant for the pump parts and as an efficient compression seal. Tests have been conducted in connection with a variety of lubricants for thus purpose. The peculiar conditions encountered in the injector type ozonizing of a liquid, as herein described, are high tempera tures, moderately high pressures, a gas for compression which has a very high ozone content and the general necessity for using a pump or compressor made of metallic parts. It has been found that these conditions require a lubricant of extraordinary qualities in order that satisfactory and proper lubrication of the compressor may be obtained. Organic oils, including hydrocarbons, are totally unfit for this purpose because of their ready afiinity for ozone. They oxidize with case under the conditions stated and result in oxidized products which are gummy in character and which eventually induce the compressor to destroy itself. There are several series of synthetic products the molecules of which are so constituted and bonded that they are impervious to the oxidizing capacity of ozone, and yet have a high degree of that quality known to the lubrication art as lubricity. This is understood to mean the ability to properly lubricate under existing conditions. Of these synthetic lubricants tri alkyl silicone fluoride has been found to meet the conditions. Not only do tri alkyl silicone fluoride compounds lubricate satisfactorily under the conditions stated, but they also form excellent protective coatings over the metal parts of the compressor and similar parts in a line beyond the compressor serving to protect the ozone from coming into contact with the metal, to which its stability is very much averse. One form of container l 05 may receive the lubricant for transfer into the path of ozone entering the compressor by means of capillary attraction along a wick Q96.

accepts.

The compressor F is provided with a discharge line IIG into which theozone is passed by the compressor under superatmospheric pressure of from 30 lbs. to 60 lbs. per square inch. This line may have a pressure gauge I I l therein. The ozone passes through a check valve H2 into an injector H, shown in detail in Figure 8 of the drawings.

Referring now to the supply of water intended to receive the ozone, the same enters a line H5 and is directed past a normally opened valve H8 into the top of the filter tank casing Ill. After filtration it passes through the outlet line IIS into conduit IISl.

IE9 may also connect via a union I29 (see Figure 1) with the line liii'and in the line IIE between the outlet lid and the inlet line. H5 is disposed a normally closed valve lii. This valve can be opened to bypass the filter tank.

In the line H9 may be placed an electrically operated. solenoid stop valve I and a pressure regulating valve Iiii, which in the present case will ordinarily be a pressure reducing valve. The electrically operated solenoid stop valve 526 prevents fluid flow until the ozonation process has started and the pressure regulating valve I27 in the present case will permit the reduction of pressure of the water to approximately 20 lbs. at the entrance to the injector H. This, of course, can be determined by means of the gauge Ififi Referring now to the injector H, the same has been provided for the purpose of properly admixing ozone with the water whereby the ozone will remain finely dispersed throughout the water and enter the storage or supply tank in that condition, to permit the ozone to most efiectively bring about the desired treatment upon the liquid being treated.

The injector El includes a T-shaped casing I39 having a water receiving compartment I3! therein, It has a lateral nipple I32 for connection with the Water receiving line H9. An injector nozzle 35 is screw threaded at into one end I5l of the casing I39. It is provided with a passageway Mil therethrough. The injector snout or nozzle I35 has a long body It! extending the entire way through the chamber I3I. It is provided with a streamlined convexly reduced discharge tip I43 having a calibrated orifice 44 therein which opens with a chiselshaped edge at the discharge location Hit. It is to be noted that the water or liquid will enter the compartment I3! well to the rear of the discharge orifice so that the natural turbulence caused by entering of the water into the casing it?! will not influence fine dispersion of the ozone uniformly through the liquid being treated. The ozone has its pressure released at the discharge orifice; the same being so designed and of such size that a carefully predetermined pressure difierential at opposite sides of the orifice will result in the discharge of the ozone into the liquid at a speed in excess of the speed travel of sound, approximately about 1100 feet per second. Of course the discharge of the ozone jet into the body of water will reduce the temperature at this location. It has been found that under these conditions the bubbles of ozone dispersed throughout the body of liquid is in the order of from 2 to 20 microns. After leaving the injector l-I, water passes thru a check valve I25 which prevents reverse flow of water under pressure existing in the tank which might otherwise back the water and ozone The conduit.

8 into the injector under non-operating conditions.

Referring to the modified form of injector N, shown in Figure 16, the same may include a T-shaped casing I36 having a compartment ItI therein. This T-shaped casing is provided with a laterally extending nipple I3? for recciving the injector nozzle structure #35. Water enters the casing iiifl from the line I I9 which is detachably connected in a screw threaded opening in the end ISE of the casing i36 The water enters into the compartment Iii and passes therethru in preferably a straight line and exits into the discharge line 553 The nozzle construction I35 preferably consists of an elongated nozzle tube 2% mounted upon the inner end of a sleeve EN. The latter is detachably threaded in the internally screw threaded stem or nipple i3. or" the casing structure 1355 A stainless steel sleeve Elli is mounted in the outer end of the sleeve Zti secured thereto by means of silver solder 2&3. The ozone line H3 may enter directly or by means of a screw threaded nipple construction into the stainless steel sleeve idl The nozzle body 253 is mounted in the lower end of the passageway of the sleeve ZGI and seated therein by means of silver solder 26 5. The nozzle body 280 extends across the compartment idl and has an orifice 2B5 facing in the direction of the discharge conduit I51] at the opposite side of the nozzle from the water inlet conduit H9. The inner end of the nozzle 269 may be rounded, as shown at fidfi to prevent turbulence and, of course, the body 202 is cylindrical. She water enters in a horizontal line and runs straight thru the chamber I35 to the discharge line We. The ozone nozzle structure is vertically disposed. With this construction fluid trapped in the line between the electrically operated stop valve shown at I25 in the drawing, and the water check valve will expand to final position without flowing back thru the orifice 2G5 and into the injector top and thence back into the compressor. The amount of lift thru vertical disposition of the injector will preclude how to an injurious degree. It is to be understood that all of the advantages stated for the injector H above described appertain also to the modified form of injector N.

It should be noted that the entire apparatus is started and stopped by means of a pressure regulated system associated with the storage tank M. The intermingled water and ozone enter the top of the tank M through a conduit I51] mounted upon the top wall 225i. Ehe ozone and water is deflected through a spray it into the ozone area at the top of the tanlr above the normal level of water. At the start of the cycle the ozonated water falls to the bottom of the tank compartment. Air is forced into the pipe I53 wherein a float valve s *ucture l 5 is located and thence the air is vented to the atmosphere through an opening in boss Hi5. As the ozonated water rises in the tank M, it eventually reaches the level of float valve I5 6, since the line 553 is connected at set with the bottom water discharge line I6: leading from the tank. The float 55:3 operates a valve (not shown) which will close off the air vent as the level of water reaches the float. Pressure then begins to build up in the tank and when it reaches a predetermined setting on pressure switch I55, shown in Figure 1, this switch will open and break all circuits through the apparatus. The line I66 for the discharge of the ozonated water or liquid may have any suitable valve means (not shown) to permit control and proper supply of the ozonated water to the desired location.

Current is admitted through a standard plugin indicated at 188 in Figure l of the drawings, and thence passes through wires 18! and I312. The wire [8! may have a manually operated. control switch H33 therein and this wire extends to the pressure switch IE above described. The wire !82 also leads to the pressure switch but it has intermediate broken connections with suitable bus bars I85 and H36 which control flow of the current to the various units of the apparatus. From these bus bars current conducting lines are extended to the high tension transformer J; fan K; motor G, and solenoid actuated valve I26.

The primary winding of the transformer J is connected in the normal voltage line from the bus bars, and the secondary of the transformer carrying the high tension voltage has one end grounded at I90 to the metal tube generating frame wall 36, as shown in Figure l, and the opposite end connected at l9l to a suitable conductor bar H32 having detachable jacks Hi l for disposition in the sockets thereof, one of which is provided for each of the wires l0! above described in connection with the ozone generating tubes C.

The operation of the apparatus and the method of producing ozone and insuring a proper dispersion of it throughout the body of liquid to be treated will be apparent from the foregoing. The filtered air is drawn through the battery of tubes C at a pressure slightly sub-atmospheric and subjected to the high tension alternating current voltage. The generated ozone is then collected in the header (0 and directed in a stream pass synthetic silicone containing lubricant supply device for gathering sufficient of the lubricant to coat the interior walls of the compressor and its rotor in order to insure protection of the compressor and an effectual compressor seal. If desired, this composition may be otherwise directed to the compressor such as by a permanent coating upon the internal walls and all of the structure of the compressor through which the ozone passes. At a pressure of from to 60 lbs. the ozone is then directed to the injector and enters the body of water, after the entering turbulence of the water has been dissipated, at acoustic speed. The water has a lower pr, than the ozone before it enters the injector and the finely dispersed droplets of (7-7 in such condition in the water or r r entering the tank M. In the tank M a pressure of from 20 lbs. to 40 lbs. per sq. in. is maintained. This has been found sufficient to prevent release of the dissolved ozone from the water while within the tank to the partition coefiicient capacity at equilibrium between air-ozone and water-ozone solutions.

The internal pressure of bubbles in a body of liquid varies inversely with respect to their diameter. For that reason it has been found highly desirable to obtain the smallest possible bubble size.

A carefully studied series of laboratory tests on the stability of ozone under varying conditions, has shown that all metals include a deteriorating influence upon ozone. This influence varies widely, but it is generally true that the rate of reconversion of ozone to oxygen is accelerated proportionately to the area of metal with which the ozone comes in contact. It will be noted from the foregoing that there has been a careful elimination of all metal parts with which ozone could come into contact in intimate relation, and where metal is mandatory, such as in connection with the compressor-pump, a constant flushing of the surfaces of the metal by the impervious synthetic lubricant has been provided for.

It is within the contemplation of this invention to eliminate all metal parts between the ozone generating unit and the receiving tank wherein the ozone-ted liquid is received. That is, the ozone in its travel to the injector and thru the injector and to the receiving tank, will be free of metallic contact. To that end, the parts including valves, injectoryetc. may be made of suitable non-metallic material, such as synthetic plastic. In particular, the ozone as it is received from the ozone .sgz'enerating unit, may be received in a blower type compressor of rigid synthetic resin or other non-metallic material not subject to deteriorating effects of ozone and which in itself will not decrease the value of the ozone generated for discharging the ozone at acoustic speeds into the water, as above designated. Under such circum tances, the use of synthetic silicone lubricant can be omitted.

In order to obtain acoustic velocities of the jet of ozone, the orifice dimensions when the ozone is directed into a down stream should follow the formula 25 and O.53

' decompose into oxygen according to the formula (2Os 3O2+heat). Because induced pressure is favorable to this reaction, it is desirable to maintain a low temperature in the ozone and water mix so as to permit only a minimum time at reduced pressure on the discharge side of the jet orifice. For that reason the orifice housing is externally streamlined so that the water will flow smoothly over the outer surface thereof and the pressure of the water behind the orifice housing should be great enough to maintain new water flowing constantly into contact with the ozone jet.

The partition coefficient, that is, the ratio of ozone in water to ozone in air when the two are in a closed vessel is state-d in literature well known to those skilled in the art, to vary from .2? to .35. It averages about However, the the ozone remaining in water which is vented to atmosphere is essentially zero. Therefore, in order to maintain a residual of ozone in water in order that suificient time may elapse during which oxidation will occur, a closed or pressure vessel is used. Oxidation normally is completed immediately at the time of contact. It has been stated that .2 part per million of residual ozone in water is sufficient to insure that the concentration necessary for purification treatment of water has been obtained.

If air is flowing at 9 liters per minute and the concentration of ozone in the air is 7.65 milligrams per liter, then 68.85 milligramspermin-Q ute of .ozone are passed. If one U. S. gallon equals 3.785 liters and i gallons per minute of water flow, then 15.14 liters of water per minute flow. Assuming equilibrium to be established and treating Xzmilligrams of ozone in air Yzmilligrams of ozone in water:

then

:2: y (5)?" 15.14 4.542rc=;9y

' i 1.55"parts per million This is seven times the amount of ozone neces* sary for satisfactory reduction and control oi contamination in water.

Various changes in the steps of the methods and to the shape, size and arrangement of parts of the apparatus herein described, maybe made without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

'1' claim:

1. The method of purification of liquids whic consists in generating ozone, compressing the ozone to substantially above super atmospheric pressure, and while under such pressure discharging the ozone in a substantially wholly gaseous stream at atomizing high velocity speed into a body of liquid under super atmospheric pressure less than-that super atmospheric pressure of the ozone which exists prior to discharge of the ozone in an atomizing stream into the liquid.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the super atmospheric pressure of the ozone prior to high velocity discharge into the water is at least twice the-amount of super atmospheric pressure of the liquid into whichthe high velocity stream of ozone is discharged.

3. The method of purification of fluids which consists in generating ozone under normal atbody'of fluid to be purified for a finely dispersed intermixing of the ozone and fluid to be purified, and storing the intermixed ozone and fluid under super atmospheric pressure.

4. A method of purification as described in claim 3 wherein the super atmospheric pressure of the ozone prior to translation into a high velocity jet stream is substantially greater than twice the pressure-of the fluid into which the ozone jet stream is discharged.

5. Apparatus for the purification of liquids, comprising an ozone generator, 2. compressorfor compressing the ozone as received from the generator, means for preventing oxidation and destruction of the parts of the compressor as a result of coming into travel contact with the ozone, an injector, means for passing a body of liquid to be purified into the injector under super atmospheric pressure, and means for discharging the super atmospheric pressurized ozone from the compressor in a high velocity liquid atomizing wholly gaseous jet stream into the liquid to be purified within the injector.

6. Apparatus as described in claim 5 wherein a storage receptacle is provided for storing the intermixed ozone and liquid to be purified under super atmospheric pressure.

7. The method of treating liquids for purification purposes, which consists in injecting a whollygaseous body of ozone while under super atmospheric pressure in finely divided and dispersed atomized condition into a flowing body of water to be purified while the saidbody 01 water is under super atmospheric pressure appreciably less than the super atmospheric pressure of the ozone prior to its jet discharge into the water.

8. The method of treating liquids for purification thereof, which consists in injecting a body of ozone while under super atmospheric pressure at a speed substantially equivalent to the speed travel of sound in an atomizing jet stream into the body of liquid to be purified.

A method of treating liquids for purification purposes which consists in generating an ozone-air gas mixture, compressing said gas to super atmospheric pressure in the presence of a synthetic silicone fluoride lubricant, and discharging a wholly gaseous body of air-ozone at a high jet velocity in a finely divided and dispersed atomized condition into the body of liquid to he purified while the said body of liquid is under a super atmospheric pressure appreciably less than that of the air-ozone gas mixture just prior to its jet discharge into said liquid.

NATHANIEL S. PRIME.

Qited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 430,387 Kennedy June 17, 1890 837,107 Otto Nov. 27, 1906 969,736 Twombly Sept. 6, 1910 1,006,992 Wiener Oct. 24, 1911 1,103,211 Knips July 14, 1914 1,138,202 Erlwein et a1. May 4, 1915 1,169,825 Hoofnagle 1 Feb. 1, 1916 1,172,463 .Leggett Feb. 22, 1916 1,362,999 Lindemann Dec. 21, 1920 1,363,589 Hartman Dec. 28, 1920 1,417,046 Ellis May 23, 1922 1,420,046 Mac Gregor et al. June 20, 1922 1,544,838 Hartman July 7, 1925 2,009,230 Hartman July 23, 1935 2,043,701 Hartman June 9, 1936 2,048,158 Goodwin July 21, 1936 2,050,771 Wait Aug. 11, 1936 2,055,808 Wait Sept. 29, 1936 2,195,981 Conant Apr. 2, 1940 2,404,778 Allison July 30, 1946 2,405,553 Allison Aug. 13, 1945 2,426,121 Rust et a1. Aug. 19, 1947 2,456,496 Ford et al. Dec. 14, 1948 2,606,150 Thorp Aug. 5, 1952 FOREZGN PATENTS Number Country Date 166,211 Great Britain July 11, 1921 

5. APPARATUS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF LIQUIDS, COMPRISING AN OZONE GENERATOR, A COMPRESSOR FOR COMPRESSING THE OZONE AS RECEIVED FROM THE GENERATOR, MEANS FOR PREVENTING OXIDATION AND DESTRUCTION OF THE PARTS OF THE COMPRESSOR AS A RESULT OF COMING INTO TRAVEL CONTACT WITH THE OZONE, AN INJECTOR, MEANS FOR PASSING A BODY OF LIQUID TO BE PURIFIED INTO THE INJECTOR UNDER 